Rodents in forest communities have a feeding preference for tree seeds. This preference will lead to different predation and storage strategies for rodents, resulting in different diffusion patterns of tree seeds. In this study, the seed fate of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata, Pinus armandii, and Pinus tabuliformis was studied to analyze the seed dispersal patterns of constructive species in the pine-oak mixed forests of the Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi Province, China. The results demonstrated that seed traits are the main factor affecting their removal by rodents. The in-situ seed predation rate of P. tabuliformis seeds was 83.33%, which was notably higher than that of other seed types, indicating that rodents preferentially fed on the small P. tabuliformis seeds. Q. aliena var. acuteserrata seeds and P. armandii seeds were transported to distant locations for feeding and burying. The Q. aliena var. acuteserrata seeds with diffusion distances of less than 1 m, 1-3 m and 5-8 m accounted for 59.12%, 18.23%, and 13.26% of predated seeds, respectively; the farthest diffusion distance was 12 m. The seed diffusion distance of P. armandii was mainly between 1-3 m (37.85%) and 3-5 m (23.73%), and was within the range of 5-8 m (13.56%), 8-10 m (11.86%), and greater than 10 m (11.30%);the maximum diffusion distance of P. armandii seeds was also 12 m. Rodents tended to transport Q. aliena var. acuteserrata seeds to the pine forest for feeding, while transporting the seeds of P. armandii to the oak forest, indicating that different forest types are an important factor in seed dispersal. P. tabuliformis seeds were the most predated on by rodents (96.90%), followed by Q. aliena var. acuteserrata seeds (73.57%), and P. armandii seeds (50%). In the following year's survey, most of the predated seeds had been consumed, and only a handful of Q. aliena var. acuteserrata seeds had sprouted into seedlings (1.67%). Rodent predation and storage behaviors are critical for the spread of forest seeds and their successful renewal.