A study was conducted to determine the effects of grazing on spatial distribution characteristics and relationships of constructive species (Stipa grandis) and dominant species (Leymus chinensis and Cleistogenes squarrosa) in the S. grandis typical steppe of Xilinguole, Inner Mongolia. Based on geostatistics, the semi-variance function, fractal dimensions, and kriging interpolation methods were used to analyze the spatial distribution of S. grandis, L. chinensis, and C. squarrosa on the small scale in all treatments. The results showed that the population density of S. grandis, L. chinensis, and C. squarrosa were higher in the grazing treatment (G) than in the enclosure (CK) (P < 0.05), which were 10.94, 12.95, and 13.60 plant/m² in the CK, and 16.84, 48.28, and 28.63 plant/m² in the grazing treatment, respectively. The model was fitted by the semi-variance function, the spatial distribution functions of S. grandis, L. chinensis, and C. squarrosa populations were all consistent with the Gaussian model in the CK and grazing treatment. According to the relationship analysis of the spatial distribution, the structure ratio was 93.3% in the grazing treatment and 60.4% in the CK, which indicates that the population distribution of S. grandis was affected by structural factors in the grazing treatment and was influenced by random factors in the CK. The fractal dimension values of the CK and grazing treatment were 1.796 and 1.361 respectively. This means the spatial distribution patterns of S. grandis, L. chinensis and C. squarrosa in the grazing treatment were more complex than that in the CK, and the spatial distribution of S. grandis is less dependent on L. chinensis and C. squarrosa. The three-dimensional map analysis showed that the relationship of mid-low density of L. chinensis and high density of C. squarrosa changed from a competitive relationship in the CK to an affinity in the grazing treatment with S. grandis. Therefore, grazing may change the inter-species relationship.