The resilience of social–ecological systems (SES) provides a new perspective for deepening the understanding of the complex interaction processes and mechanisms between human-kind and nature. The resilience of SES has become an important tool in promoting interdisciplinary integration and global sustainable development. To summarize the main characteristics of resilience in SES, the CiteSpace bibliometric method was used to analyze the keywords, authors, institutions, and citations of references regarding resilience in SES literature selected from Web of Science Core Collection. Based on the bibliometric analysis results, we discuss the progresses of resilience in SES and review the concept, connotation, assessment framework, measurable methods, regime shift, and adaptive management of resilience in SES. Finally, this article provides suggestions for future research. This study shows that the number of articles published in the field of resilience in SES has been rising rapidly. Most of the research focuses on ecology, environmental science, and geography. Folke, from Stockholm University, is a leading scholar in this field. Research on the resilience of SES is highly diversified. Most of the research in this field concentrates on theoretical analysis, empirical approaches, and adaptive management in practice. It is necessary to improve some research areas in the future, including scale, social-ecological system integration, the measurement and assessment of resilience, and the relationship between regime shifts and resilience change.