This study used remote sensing images from 1995, 2005, and 2015 to analyze the land use evolution characteristics of the upper reaches of the Ganjiang River Basin from 1995 to 2015 based on the landscape disturbance index and landscape fragility. The index constructs an ecological risk model for land use; semivariance analysis and autocorrelation analysis were utilized to study the temporal and spatial changes and driving forces of land use risk in the upper reaches of the Ganjiang River Basin. The results show that the area of urban and rural living space in the upper reaches of the Ganjiang River has increased significantly, and the agricultural production area has been significantly reduced. The type of land use has shifted from ecological and production space to urban and rural living space, and the degree of land use has increased. From 1995 to 2015, the ecological risk of land use increased gradually. The high-high clusters were mostly distributed in the vicinity of Zhanggong District, Nankang District, and Xinfeng County, etc. The low-low clusters were distributed in the vicinity of Anyuan County and Quannan County, etc. The high- and higher-risk areas gradually expanded, while the low- and lower-risk areas gradually narrowed. The factors that caused changes in land use types were primarily human factors such as total population, highway mileage, and urbanization rate. The results of this study can provide a reference point for the construction of regional ecological security patterns and the optimization of land use layout.