The goal of this study was to examine the diversity of soil nematodes in the alpine meadows of northern Tibet. In August 2017, the changes in soil nematode communities at different soil depths were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing to reveal the community composition and structural characteristics. A total of 990 operational taxonomic units were extracted from five samples and were sorted into 3 classes, 7 orders, 25 families, and 30 genera. Enoplea was dominant in the different samples at the class level. The Chao1 index, Shannon index, and Ace index were used to evaluate the alpha diversity of the samples, and the results showed that the 5-10 cm soil layer had a relatively high abundance. A heatmap analysis showed the composition similarity of the community was 20-25 cm < 15-20 cm < 0-5 cm < 5-10 cm < 10-15 cm. A redundancy analysis of the soil nematode phyla and the chemical parameters in the soil showed that K⁺, soil water content, organic matter, and Zn²⁺ were the most related to the soil nematode community structure. Differences were noted in the species and abundance of soil nematodes at the different depths, which provides a basis for studying the characteristics of soil nematode communities in the alpine grasslands in northern Tibet.