秋季降温期水温和饵料量对沙蜇无性繁殖的影响
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辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院

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国家自然科学基金项目(31400406,31770458);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1404400);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2015020795);辽宁省"百千万人才工程"资助项目(2016921038)


Effect of temperature and food supply on the asexual reproduction of the scyphozoan Nemopilema nomurai in autumn
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Liaoning Ocean and Fishery Science Research Institute,,,,,,Liaoning Ocean and Fishery Science Research Institute

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    摘要:

    20世纪末以来,沙蜇在东亚水域频繁暴发,不仅影响正常的渔业生产活动,也给海洋生态系统健康带来极大危害。在室内模拟秋季降温条件,研究了不同水温(4种降温条件)与饵料量(0.42、1.25、和4.2 μg C螅状体-1d-1)对沙蜇螅状体足囊繁殖与横裂生殖的影响。结果显示:1)秋季降温速度快慢导致的积温差异对沙蜇螅状体生成足囊数有显著影响(P < 0.001),积温越大,螅状体生成的足囊数量越多,发现两者具有较好的线性关系(y=142.59x+208.39;R2=0.967),低积温条件下的足囊萌发也较少;2)饵料量对螅状体无性繁殖的影响是有一定阈值范围的,在一定饵料量范围内,螅状体生成的足囊数量随饵料量的增加而增加,而超过一定阈值范围,过剩的饵料影响水质对沙蜇螅状体反而产生负面影响。3)秋季新繁育出来的当龄沙蜇螅状体可在越冬前发生横裂生殖,但横裂生殖的螅状体比例和放碟数量均较少。试验结果说明,全球变化背景下,积温升高、饵料量小幅增加均可能导致沙蜇秋季有性繁殖的当龄螅状体在越冬前生成更多的足囊,促进诱发翌年水母暴发。

    Abstract:

    Since the end of the 20th century, frequent outbreaks of jellyfish in eastern Asian waters have affected normal fishery production, and negatively impacted marine ecosystem health. This experiment simulated autumn cooling conditions, and analyzed the effect of different temperatures(four cooling conditions) and food supply(0.42, 1.25, and 4.2 μg C polyp-1 d-1) on podocyst reproduction and strobilation of Nemopilema nomurai polyps. The results showed that:1, the cooling speed of autumn lead to differences of accumulated temperature, which had an extremely significant effect on the number of podocysts produced by N. nomurai polyps(P < 0.001), the greater the accumulated temperature, the more podocysts were produced. They have a good linear relationship(y=142.59x+208.39; R2=0.967). Less podocysts germinated under low accumulated temperature; 2, there was a threshold range in the effect of food supply on the asexual reproduction of N. nomurai polyps, within a certain food supply, the number of podocysts produced by N. nomurai polyps increased with increasing food supply, but excess food supply may have a negative impact on the polyps above this threshold. 3, the newly breeding N. nomurai polyps in autumn can occur strobilation before wintering, but it is tiny that the proportion of the polyps occurring strobilation and the number of ephyra released from the polyps. The results of this experiment suggested that under the background of global climate change, the increase in accumulated temperature and food supply could result in the production of more podocysts before overwintering by N. nomurai polyps of the same generation originated from sexual propagation in autumn, which could potentially trigger the jellyfish outbreaks the following year.

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孙明,邢勤旺,王佳晗,段妍,李楠,柴雨,董婧.秋季降温期水温和饵料量对沙蜇无性繁殖的影响.生态学报,2018,38(18):6749~6758

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