Studying the potential distribution and risk area of alien invasive species is very important to prevent and control the expansion of these species. As alien invasive species Solanum rostratum Dunal is spreading rapidly in Xinjiang, this study took S. rostratum as object, and based on 60 human activity intensity and environmental factors including biological climate, soil, and topography, used the Maximum Entropy Model and ArcGIS Spatial Analysis to construct a suitable habitat prediction model for S. rostratum under the influence of modern climate scenarios and human activities, and analyzed the influences of human activities and natural environmental factors. The result shows that the AUC value of the test set under human activity interference is greater than that with no human activity interference. The total suitable area of S. rostratum in Xinjiang without interference from human activities is 327784.36 km² and under interference from human activities it is 445619.96 km². The North Altay region, central and southern Tacheng, central and eastern Bozhou, central Yili, western Kezhou, Wujiaqu, Fukang, Manas, and Hutubi are high-risk areas. The dominant variables influencing the potential distribution of S. rostratum are the rainfall in the driest season, human activities, elevation, average temperature of the wettest season, the content of the lower soil sediment, annual rainfall, and temperature. The proliferation of S. rostratum in Xinjiang is positively correlated with the intensity of human activities. The distribution of S. rostratum in Xinjiang has not reached saturation and is gradually spreading; with Changji and Urumqi as the center, it currently spreads radially to north of Tianshan and west of Xinjiang.