The CiteSpace software was employed to systematically summarize the focus, evolution, and frontiers of agricultural waste management research in China. The results implied that (1) the total number of studies published has increased since 1992, which can be divided into a steady development stage, a rapid growth phase, a fluctuating rising stage, and a fluctuating descending phase; (2) the most important areas of research focus were resource utilization, impact on the ecological environment, reuse and livestock husbandry development, and resource ecological-compensation; (3) in terms of the evolution of the research, livestock husbandry development was the main focus in the first stage, while pollution control and resource utilization were the focus in the second stage. Pollution prevention of livestock and poultry and energy utilization were the core areas of attention in the third stage and, finally, interdisciplinary research on the utilization of agricultural waste under the constraints of low carbon agriculture has formed; (4) Two typical features of the research frontiers of agricultural waste management were a shift in research focus from crop straw to livestock manure and research on agricultural-waste utilization (especially energy utilization) under the constraints of low carbon agriculture.