There are different types of expansion during urban development, and the relationship between regional and urban economies has gradually strengthened with rapid urbanization in China. Different spatial patterns of urban expansion have different effects on growth spillovers of the urban economy; however, there is limited information on the relationships between urban expansion and growth spillovers. In this study, we evaluated the growth spillover effects of the urban economy at an urban scale using the Capello model in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration from 1984 to 2015. There are three types of spatial pattern of urban expansion: ring-, belt-, and fan-shaped, to analyze urban growth spillovers. The results revealed that the spillover effects of economic growth are obvious among 13 cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration and displayed the differences of urban growth spillovers between belt- and fan-shaped cities in this area. From 1984 to 2015, there were remarkable economic growth spillover effects in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration; however, the effects of growth spillovers were much greater in Beijing and Tianjin than in other cities, and were unbalanced in other areas; the effects of growth spillovers were higher for fan- than for belt-shaped cities. Based on the results, Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan, and Langfang were the core areas in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, followed by Shijiazhuang and Baoding as sub-core areas, and cities on the edge of urban agglomerations showed weak relationships with the core cities. In the future, in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, the urban spatial form could be optimized through urban policies and planning, so it would be more conductive to urban economic development.