With the rapid urbanization and expansion of cities, the landscape structures of urban areas are artificially changing. This has led to reduced functions of urban eco-economic systems owing to the unsustainable ecological position of landscapes, which not only affects the quality of the environment, but also restricts the progress of sustainable urban development. For Nanning, Liuzhou, and Guilin, which are three typical cities of Guangxi, six Landsat5 TM and Landsat8 OLI&TIRS images were used as the data sources. The land use information was extracted by remote sensing techniques. Thereafter, the characteristics of landscape structure and landscape changing pattern of the three typical cities during the period 1990-2015 were analyzed to reveal the evolution of city landscape patterns during rapid urbanization. The results showed that (1) the landscape pattern of the three typical cities changed drastically with urbanization. Landscape changes under human disturbance were highly significant. The major characteristics of urbanization were the increase in construction land and decrease in cultivated land and woodland. (2) In the horizontal spaces, the construction land expanded rapidly from the center of the city outwards, with the natural landscape being dramatically affected by human activities in the outer areas. Landscape was heterogenous and fragmented. (3) In the vertical spaces, landscapes showed obvious vertical differences. Urbanization was mostly concentrated in the mid and low altitude regions. Clearly, landscape dominance by construction land increased. Because of urbanization and agricultural production, the dominance and abundance of natural landscapes declined. (4) From the perspective of function orientation, Nanning, Liuzhou, and Guilin, the three typical cities of Guangxi, have a strong attraction, radiation, and driving force to peripheral regions in terms of economic and social development. This paper provides reference for landscape planning, eco-environment management, and sustainable urbanization in Guangxi.