Based on the development of the concept of ecological carrying capacity (ECC), this study summarized the methods in ECC, including ecological footprint, human appropriation of net primary production, state-space techniques, comprehensive evaluation schemes, systematic models, and the ecosystem services consumption method, which has often been used in previous studies. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods have been analyzed objectively and the weakness pointed out. This study suggested that the theory of ECC needs to be enriched, and the interaction mechanism between variation in ecological factors and its influence on the ECC should be examined. Future research should couple the ecosystem services flow factors into the evaluation system, improve the evaluation index system, and strengthen the temporal and spatial dynamics assessment of ECC. By enhancing the study of ECC feedback in ecologically vulnerable regions scientifically, ECC will be the key to solving the resource and environmental problems of the ecologically vulnerable region, which could support regional resources, environment monitoring, early-warning system establishment, and the main function plan implementation and construction of ecological security. This study introduces several ECC methods that are in widespread use, such as human appropriation of net primary production and the ecosystem services consumption method, which combine land use with the social and economic metabolism mechanism to analyze the temporal-spatial evolution of the ecosystem and demonstrates the changes in the ecosystem function. These comprehensive methods also avoid the error caused by subjective decisions based on a single evaluation index, representing the quantitative limits of the regional ecosystem function.