The Magnolia sinostellata species has a strong sprouting ability. To understand the morphological and reproductive properties of the sprouts of the tree species growing in different environments, five habitat types, including the shrubberies (SH), Pinus taiwanensis forest (PTF), deciduous broad-leaved forest (DBF), Cunninghamia lanceolata forest (CLF), and forest edges (FE) were selected on the same aspect. The number, basal diameter, height, branching patterns, flowering and fruiting characteristics of the sprouts of M. sinostellata were investigated in the representative sites at five different habitats. The results showed that (1) the plant density of M. sinostellata was the highest in the P. taiwanensis forest. No differences were observed in the sprout number of each cluster across the five habitats. A certain relationship was observed between the basal diameter of the largest sprout and the sprout number of each cluster, but no relationship was observed between the height of the largest sprout and the sprout number of each cluster across the five habitats. In all populations investigated, 82.5% of all thickets were composed of more than two sprouts, indicating that sprouting plays an important role in the regeneration of the M. sinostellata population in Lishui. (2) Except for the sprout number, the morphological parameters (basal diameter, length, overall bifurcation ratio, stepwise bifurcation ratio (SBR_1:2 and SBR_2:3), and length of first-order branch) of the sprouts varied with different habitats. The basal diameters of the sprouts of M. sinostellata growing in the deciduous broad-leaved forests were the smallest across the five habitats. The basal diameters and lengths of the first-order branches of M. sinostellata growing in the P. taiwanensis forests were the smallest across the five habitats. The overall and stepwise bifurcation ratios in the shrubberies and the stepwise bifurcation ratios (SBR_2:3) at the forest edges were the highest across the five habitats. (3) Both the basal diameter and height of the reproductive sprouts were significantly and positively related to the flower number per reproductive sprout (P < 0.05). The flower numbers per reproductive sprout and reproductive sprout ratios showed certain differences across the different habitats. The flower numbers per reproductive sprout in the C. lanceolata forests were significantly greater than those in the P. taiwanensis and broad-leaved forests and at the forest edges (P < 0.05). The flower numbers per reproductive sprout and reproductive sprout ratios in both the P. taiwanensis and deciduous broad-leaved forests were lower than those in the other habitats, but the fruit sizes, seeds of each fruit, and mean fruit-setting ratio of each cluster in the P. taiwanensis forests were the highest across all habitats. (4) The M. sinostellata plants were sensitive to the environmental changes. Except for the sprout number and stepwise bifurcation ratio (SBR_2:3), the morphological parameters and reproductive characters of sprouts were significantly influenced by habitats and altitudes. This study indicated that the sprouting properties of M. sinostellata were mainly controlled by the inherent biological properties. On the other hand, the morphological and reproductive characteristics were markedly related to the environmental conditions.