The diversity of birds in agricultural landscapes plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of ecosystem functions and services. The Huang-Huai plain is among the most important agricultural areas in China. With the continuing expansion of agricultural lands and the intensification of land-use, bird diversity in agricultural landscapes is declining all worldwide. To explore the diversity of birds in different habitats of the agricultural landscape in the Huang-Huai plain, we set up transects across different habitats in this area and investigated bird diversity characteristics during the breeding period. Our results showed that:(1) a total of 10044 individuals in 32 families, 49 genera, and 66 species were recorded; however, several families and genera were obviously dominant. (2) Species richness, diversity, and evenness were all higher in the habitats of ditch and lake, and relatively low in habitats of farmland and village. However, species abundance was highest in the village habitat, followed by ditch and farmland habitats, whereas in the lake habitat it was the lowest. (3) Analysis of faunal distribution showed that cosmopolitan species dominated any given habitat. In terms of ecological groups, the songbirds were the dominant species in all habitats, whereas the waders and swimming-birds were mainly distributed in the ditch and lake habitats. In terms of residence type, however, residents formed the dominant group in all habitats, and migrators, travelers, and stragglers appeared occasionally. (4) The high community similarity among the habitats indicated that bird species compositions were overlapped substantially across habitats in the agricultural landscape. Overall, the habitats of ditch and lake in the agricultural landscape could effectively improve the regional species richness and diversity, and the presence of ditches could further increase the abundance of birds, whereas the habitats of farmland and village may only enhance the abundance of specific bird species. This study emphasized the potential contributions of natural and semi-natural habitats to the construction of a sustainable agricultural landscape in the future; however, the differences in the responses to landscape heterogeneity and habitat requirements of different biological groups should not be ignored.