Accurate estimations of the effects of land use and cover change (LUCC) on regional carbon stock has become one of the focuses in research on the regional carbon cycle. Based on the map of land use/cover and the data of soil/vegetation carbon density in different periods, the Bookkeeping model was used to assess the effects of LUCC on carbon stocks in the Linze desert oasis over the past 30 years. Results showed three points as follows:firstly, characteristics of LUCC in Linze Oasis were mainly affected by the increase of in residential, construction, and arable land and woodland, at the rate of 90.2%, 75.0%, and 46.5%, respectively. At the same time, saline-alkali land, water area, sandy land, and desert grassland showed a decreasing trend at the rate of 73.9%, 67.8%, 46.2%, and 5.5%, respectively. Secondly, the total area of arable land increased by 269.38 km². The new area of agricultural reclamation reached 372.57 km², which was mainly from the saline-alkali land, sandy land, and desert grassland, accounting for 24.7%, 24.4%, and 21.05% of the reclaimed arable land, respectively. Meanwhile, 103.19 km² of arable land had changed into saline-alkali land, sandy land, and desert grassland, accounting for 32.78%, 17.80%, and 15.37% of the lost arable land, respectively. Thirdly, influenced by the changes of land use in the study area, vegetation, soil, and the total carbon stock increased by 1.86×10⁵ t, 4.02×10⁵ t, and 5.89×10⁵ t, respectively. The carbon stock increased by 4.91×10⁵ t due to the changes of arable land, in which, transition processes from desert grassland, sandy land, woodland, and saline-alkali land to arable land led to an increase in carbon stock, while the reverse processes led to a decreasing trend in carbon stock. Overall, both the area and the structure of land use/cover types in Linze Oasis had changed over past 30 years, in which, the reclamation of arable land was the main change process. More importantly, land use/cover change led to a total increase in carbon stock in Linze Oasis, which can be mainly explained by the change of arable land.