A large-scale re-vegetation with regional ecological engineering on the Loess Plateau, including the Grain for Green Project (GGP), has already greatly impacted the heating and energy flux between the land and atmosphere, which induces regional climate. We used two methods, the cross-checking of spatial change and surface heat balance analysis to detect the relationships among the vegetation change, temperature change, and surface heat flux change during the GGP at the station scale over the Loess Plateau. The 10 days normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from SPOT data was used to indicate the vegetation. The monthly temperature data from 54 weather stations within or nearby the Loess Plateau were used to describe the temperature change. The EIN-Interim surface heat fluxes were analyzed to determine the surface heat condition. Two stages, the initial stage (1998-2000, Stage I) of GGP and 10 years after (2008-2010, Stage Ⅱ) were compared. The minimum, maximum, and mean temperatures were lower in Stage Ⅱ, and the increase of vegetation was spatially positively correlated to the decrease in all temperature variables. Meanwhile, the increase in vegetation was spatially positively correlated to the increase in latent heat flux, and the decrease of sensible heat flux and the atmospheric downward longwave heat flux. These results indicated that vegetation restoration may lower the temperatures through an increase in surface evapotranspiration, and thereby mitigate the climate warming effect on the ecological system of the Loess Plateau.