Soil microbes play essential roles in forest ecosystems. In this study, we investigated soil bacterial diversity in the Mulun karst evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest using the Illumina Miseq platform. The results showed that in the 82 soil sampling points, the number of bacterial taxa detected at different classification levels increased with increasing number of sampling points, and the degree of increase differed. When the sampling points were 82, the mean values of relative bacterial taxa in the 82 samples were 28.8 phyla, 60.9 classes, 108.1 orders, 206.8 families, 239.6 genera, and 3290.5 operational taxonomic units (OTU). At the classification level of phylum, class, and order, the dominant groups were Proteobacteria (34.51%), α-Alphaproteobacteria (18.43%), and Rhizobiales (12.50%), respectively. The number of samples has a significant effect on the number of soil bacteria group. At the classification level of phylum, class, order and family, 36, 57, 72, and 78 samples could basically represent 82 samples to monitor the information of bacterial diversity at different classification levels. At the classification level of genus and OTU, the number of corresponding bacterial groups detected when the number of samples reached 82 was still increasing. These preliminary results show that the soil has a relatively high level of bacterial diversity in the evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, which lays the foundation for further studies on bacterial and plant diversity.