Ecological civilization is an important concept, based on "all-round economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress" in China. It will directly lead the future policies of environmental protection and construction in China. As forests are the most essential and important material base for the construction of an ecological civilization, their ecological security is especially important. Based on the background of ecological civilization construction, this study evaluated and compared the ecological security of forests in Chinese provincial districts in 2007, 2011, and 2014, and used a pressure-state-response (PSR) model to establish the Evaluation Index System of Forest Ecological Security. The results showed that the status of forest resources is the most important reason for the differences in the ecological security among the provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions); the forest ecological status is the most important influence on the evaluation of forest ecological security, and the ecological pressure on forests is the second major factor. In the early stages of the construction of an ecological civilization, the ecological security of forests in Chinese provincial districts is on the rise. However, in the later periods of ecological civilization construction, the ecological security trends downward in most provinces (cities and autonomous regions). At the same time, this paper offers advice for improving the safety of forest ecosystems in response to the different situations of forest resources in different regions.