In modern zoos, enrichment is now a well-established management practice and a key component in the care of captive animal populations. In order to transform their objectives from pure entertainment to public education, species conservation, and animal welfare, many zoos have accomplished this through enrichment at different levels. In this study, we conducted environmental and feeding enrichment experiments on 5 captive blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in Shanghai Zoo, China from March 2017 to July 2017. We used instantaneous sampling methods and analyzed the effect of different forms of enrichment on the activity budgets of captive female blue sheep. We found that the time of motion (P < 0.01) and ruminate (P < 0.01) behaviors significantly increased after adding enrichment equipment, whereas the time allocated for resting (P < 0.01) and other (P < 0.01) behaviors decreased dramatically. After feeding enrichment on the basis of environmental enrichment, the time of motion (P < 0.05) behavior significantly decreased and feeding (P < 0.01) behavior increased dramatically. The time of ruminate (P=0.153) and other (P=0.01) behaviors increased while the time of resting (P=0.05) decreased, but there was no significant variation in time spent on these three behaviors. The daytime activity rhythm of blue sheep changed after enrichment. Feeding behavior increased generally, with the peaks of feeding behavior were recorded at 8:00-11:00 and 15:00-18:00. Motion behavior occurred an hour earlier than before, in the period of 13:30-17:30, and resting behavior had similar fluctuations, but it's daytime frequency reduced before 16:00. Ruminate behavior had the biggest fluctuation, showing two peaks at 6:00-9:00 and 10:00-15:00. The results of our experiment showed that after the enrichment of environment and food, the activities of blue sheep increased, time allocation was optimized, and animal welfare status improved effectively.