In this paper, the Biome-BGC model was used to simulate net primary productivity (NPP) of the Larix chinensis forest ecosystem during 1960-2013. The relationship between the NPP value and climatic factors, as well as the response of Larix chinensis radial growth to climate change were analyzed. The results showed that the average NPP of Larix chinensis on the northern slope of Mt. Taibai was 305.33 g C m^-2 a^-1 and 320.71 g C m^-2 a^-1on the southern slope during 1960-2013 years. The NPP values of both the northern and southern slopes increased. The rate increase of the northern slope (0.47 g C m^-2 a^-1) was lower than that of the southern slope (1.29 g C m^-2 a^-1). However, the range of NPP fluctuation was larger at the lower limit of the distribution of Larix chinensis. The NPP value of Larix chinensis on the northern slope decreased gradually with the increase in altitude. On the northern slope, the NPP amplitude at low altitude was higher than that at high altitude, whereas the southern slope showed no obvious change. The simulated NPP values for most sampling points were consistent with the interannual variation trend in the tree-ring width index, and the correlation was significant. The correlation between the simulated NPP and the meteorological factors showed that the connection between growth and temperature during the growing season was significantly higher than that of precipitation, indicating that temperature in the growing season was the major limiting factor for growth of Larix chinensis. As a result, the tree-ring data could be used to validate simulation results based on the Biome-BGC model.