Eupatorium adenophorum is a harmful invasive plant in China. To understand the invasion mechanisms, three soils widespread in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province, including red, yellow, and purple soils with prosperous E. adenophorum growth, were collected to study enzyme activities and bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere (about 20 cm from the roots). The results showed that enzyme activities such as catalase, acid phosphatase, urease, and sucrase, and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in the rhizosphere were significantly higher than that in the non-rhizosphere. Enhanced microbial growth and propagation resulting from E. adenophorum root metabolism activities could increase the numbers of microbes and stimulate their activities, which could benefit soil nutrient supply, resulting in the prosperous growth and strong competition of E. adenophorum in ecosystems. In the three tested soils, bacterial taxon types and principle component variances in the rhizosphere of E. adenophorum decreased or changed more narrowly than that in the non-rhizosphere, indicating that the effects of E. adenophorum on bacterial community structures varied with different soils. There were also huge differences in predominant bacteria among the three tested soils. Only Streptomyces-1 was common in the top 20 predominant bacteria in the rhizosphere of the three studied soils, and Chloroflexi KD4-96 was common in the non-rhizosphere. This suggests that E. adenophorum could grow well in various soils owing to a strong adaptability to environments. However, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were dominant in all studied soils, accounting for 60.69%-78.75% of the total bacteria. In each soil type, 8-11 bacterial strains in top 20 predominant bacteria were commonly present in the rhizosphere or non-rhizosphere of E. adenophorum, suggesting that soil types were the main factor that governed bacterial communities, which could be changed to some extent by E. adenophorum invasion.