The Wuyi Mountains represent the primary forest ecosystem characteristic of the mid-subtropics. It is important to support biodiversity conservation in the Wuyi Mountains by strengthening research on the evergreen broad-leaved forests of these mountains. In 2016, relevant data was gathered in an existing research plot, which was established according to standard international protocols (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Center for Tropical Forest Science, CTFS), in a Castanopsis eyrie-evergreen broad-leaved forest. The community dynamics of the trees was analyzed based on species composition, community diversity, importance values, mortality rate, recruitment rate, and tree DBH. The results showed that the community of trees in the plot changed from 23 families, 42 genera, and 81 species in 2011 to 25 families, 44 genera, and 88 species in 2016. There was no significant change in community-dominant species composition or in the degree of dominance in the past 5 years. For the 21 common tree species with higher importance values (> 1) in 2016, the importance values of 10 species increased, and those of 11 species decreased, when compared with their importance values in 2011. Castanopsis eyrei was still the dominant species in the plot, although its importance value declined slightly. The number of individual trees had increased to 3888 by 2016, the average annual mortality was 1.31%, and the average annual recruitment rate was 2.98%. Compared with the plants living in 2011, individual trees from 43 species had died, and those from 46 species were recruited over the past 5 years. The results also indicated that the populations of 4 common tree species declined, and the populations of 16 common tree species increased from 2011 to 2016. The average DBH of all trees in this community increased from 4.82 cm to 4.89 cm. For the 21 common tree species, the average DBHs of trees from 5 species decreased, and those of the others increased. In addition, the average DBH of dead and recruited individuals were 4.47 cm and 1.67 cm, respectively. Castanopsis eyrei was still dominant in the tree layer, and both Rhododendron ovatum and R. latoucheae were still dominant in the sub-tree layer. The community structure of this C. eyrie-evergreen broad-leaved forest had not changed greatly in the short term, but the increase in the dominance of sciophytes and mesophytes, such as Machilus grijsii and Ternstroemia gymnanthera, may indicate that the succession of this C. eyrie-evergreen broad-leaved forest community will change to climax.