This review focused on ecohydrological processes with the issues of water scarcity, distribution, and complexity and uncertainty of ecohydrological processes in the Loess Plateau. Firstly, the current situations and principal aspects of the eco-hydrological processes in the Loess Plateau were reviewed, including water resources, balance, and cycling. Secondly, six aspects of the eco-hydrological processes were summarized from soil, soil microorganisms, plant canopy, slope, catchment, and landscape with the scale effects. Finally, based on the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the eco-hydrological processes, certain principal future strategies regarding of ecohydrological processes were proposed:(i) strengthening the networking of macro-and microprocesses by multidisciplinary integration methods, (ii) quantifying the threshold of water-carrying capacity based on the long-term observation and model simulation with the multiple scale, multiple factors, and multiple temporal and spatial scales, and (iii) expounding the characteristics of the transfer and distribution of ecohydrological processes in different scales in ecology and hydrology. Overall, this review will help in exploring the problems regarding macro-adjustment and optimal allocation patterns for water, and provide a guide of strategies and technological demands for ecological restoration and construction in the Loess Plateau.