High-altitude species are more sensitive than low-altitude species to climate change, and the spatiotemporal distribution of species directly reflects environmental status and affects regional ecological balance. Based on continuous inventory data of forest resources in Xinjiang, we estimated the biomass of Larix sibirica in Xinjiang using a one-element biomass model and then calculated carbon sequestration rate (CSR). This study investigated the spatial agglomeration characteristics of CSR of L. sibirica in XinJiang in recent years by Getis-Ord Gi^* and Moran's I. Furthermore, the influential factors of spatial differentiation of CSR were analyzed in combination with the meteorological data and topographic data based correlation and partial correlation analysis. (1) The CSR of L. sibirica in the eastern Tianshan Mountains was higher than that of L. sibirica in the Altai Mountains, and the CSR of L. sibirica in Xinjiang increased from 2001 to 2016, the CSR of L. sibirica in the eastern Tianshan Mountains increased from 0.43 t hm^-2 a^-1 to 0.76 t hm^-2 a^-1, and the CSR of L. sibirica in the Altai Mountains increased from 0.89 t hm^-2 a^-1 to 1.06 t hm^-2 a^-1. (2) The CSR of L. sibirica in the eastern Tianshan Mountains was discretely distributed but insignificant (P > 0.05). The spatial agglomeration of CSR by L. sibirica in the Altay Mountains was remarkable, and the high CSR gradually moved from the southeastern Qinghe County of Altay Mountains to Habahe County in the northwestern of Altay Mountains, whereas the low CSR moved from Altay City to Habahe County. (3) Partial correlation analysis indicated that the CSR of L. sibirica and temperature were positively correlated (P < 0.01) from 2001 to 2016. From 2001 to 2006 and from 2006 to 2011, the CSR of L. sibirica was positively correlated with precipitation, although not significantly, but was both positively and significantly correlated with precipitation from 2011 to 2016 (P < 0.01). The correlation between CSR and latitude changed from negative and significant (P < 0.01) to not significant from 2001 to 2016. There was no significant correlation between CSR and altitude. From 2001 to 2016, the distribution of the significant negative correlation between CSR and latitude has changed greatly, and the spatial distribution of CSR has changed from southeastern higher northwest lower to the southeastern higher northwest lower.