The diversity and trophic functional group of ground-dwelling arthropod communities was investigated in the Lhasa semi-arid valley in China in order to provide further insight in our understanding of the response of arthropod diversity to vegetation restoration. The study was carried out in three vegetation types including Sophora moorcroftiana (SM), Populus spp. (PS), and Artemisia wellbyi (AW). The pitfall trap method was used to investigate the community composition, diversity, and functional group structure by calculating the relative abundance, richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, Simpson dominant index, Cody index, and Sörensen index of ground-dwelling arthropods. A total of 738 individuals were collected, representing 5 insects, 15 orders, and 51 families. There were 40, 30, and 23 families under SM, PS, and AW, accounting for 78.4%, 58.8%, and 45.1% of the total fauna, respectively. The relative abundance of Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Collembola were the higher in the taxonomy of the order, and Cyphoderidae, Formicidae and Agelenidae were the dominant group in the taxonomy of the family in the three vegetation restoration measures. The largest values of richness and diversity were found under SM, while the lowest under PS. The analysis of similarities of arthropod community indicated the similarities of ground-dwelling arthropod fauna varied among different vegetation types, with the highest similarity between SM and AW and the lowest similarity between PS and AW. The results of this study demonstrate that the composition and structure of vegetation community affect soil physical-chemical properties, amount and quality of ground litter, and micro-environment condition, thus affecting the community composition, population, and functional group of arthropods. SM has higher abundance of arthropod group and predatory group, which contributes to conserving arthropod diversity of land in the Lhasa semi-arid valley.