Based on survey data on the macrobenthos community in Xiamen Bay during 2014-2015, the taxonomic diversity indices for macrobenthos were calculated and their correlations with traditional diversity indices were examined. The taxonomic sufficiency was also discussed in several ways. The results showed that the taxonomic diversity index (Δ) ranged from 6.04 to 83.71, with an average of 68.26, and it was not evenly distributed among stations. Taxonomic distinctness (Δ^*) was in the range of 74.27-99.54, with an average of 84.23. The theoretical averages of average taxonomic distinctness (Δ⁺) and variation in taxonomic distinctness (Λ⁺) were 86.82 and 345.0, respectively, and the results from some stations were beyond the 95% probability funnels, indicating that the environment was to some extend disturbed. Both Δ and Δ^* significantly correlated with Margalef richness index, Pielou's evenness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Simpson diversity index, while Δ⁺ and Λ⁺ had no significantly correlation with these traditional diversity indices. The results suggested that taxonomic diversity indices could be supplementary diversity indices additional to those traditional indices. Significantly linear correlations were observed for the diversity index between any two levels among the species, genus, and family levels, with high Goodness of Fit (generally R² > 0.9). Additionally, the results of the nMDS and 2-STAGE analyses indicated that there was a great consistency in community structure under the species, genus, and family levels; however, compared with the species level, certain information was missed at the genus level (8%) and family level (20%). Therefore, we suggest that macrobenthos can be identified to the genus level rather than the species level for the monitoring and assessing macrobenthos in case that identification to species level is unrealizable.