Regional variability of precipitation and droughts has been increasing as global climate change has progressed, which has aggravated regional shortages of water resources, particularly in cities because of their high population density and human activities. To investigate the water resources of 289 primary local cities in China and the influence of climate change, we scaled changes in drought occurrences based on precipitation data of 917 meteorological stations during 1951-2014, and constructed a method to evaluate pressures on urban water resources by regional precipitation, and we also forecast the pressures influenced by climate change in short or longer terms of different RCPs. The results show that because of global climate change, drought conditions are mainly increasing in prevalence in China, longest annual continuous no precipitation days are increasing by 2.3days/100a. However, these increases are not identical everywhere. In some areas of southern China, drought conditions have even improved, although conditions have become more severe in western and northern China. Pressures on water resources are greater in northern cities than in the south, because precipitation declines from the coast inland. Pressures on water resources are greater in metropolises than in other places because of the great quantities of water consumed by urban inhabitants and active economic activities. These pressures will increase about 2% after 20 years later relatively to present situations of climate change, and concretely there are 170 local cities in China whose pressures are greater while 110 cities are decreasing and only 9 cities which are insensitive of climate change of precipitations. Pressures are much heavier under RCP8.5 than under RCP2.6 because RCP8.5 represents much faster climate change. Therefore, mitigation of climate change is beneficial to sustaining the water supplies of cities in China. Water resources in North China are projected to decline in the future with global climate change because of reduced precipitation and high consumption. Governments should focus on cities in such areas to adopt prospective policies and formulate plans and implements to ensure that the water supply does not limit economic development.