Logging is one of the most common forms of human disturbance for plants. Population structure and its dynamics experience rapid changes and regulates following logging. We studied the life history traits and population dynamics of a long-lived dominant tree Pinus massoniana in the red soil eroded and degraded region of China. Demographic data from four annual censuses (2013-2016) were used to parameterize integral projection model (IPM) to determine changes in population growth rate and their contributions to population development. The results showed that:the population growth rate (λ) declined gradually (λ < 1) over time in the logged forestland. During the censuses periods, the number of seedlings decreased substantially, whereas juveniles and adults increased slightly. Mortality was observed during all life stages, mainly in seedlings and small individuals. Diameter growth increased with individual's size, with adult individuals showing faster growth than those at other life stages. Reproduction probability increased gradually, but the number of new recruits declined. In addition, elasticity analysis revealed that the survival of individuals, especially seedlings, was the key for population growth. The growth of the small individuals positively affected population development, while the growth of large plants had negative effects. There were minimal contributions of shrinkage and fecundity to population growth rate.