In this investigation of saxicolous lichen communities in the Bogda Mountains using 20 quadrats (20m×20m), the data were classified based on species coverage using two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA). Community structure characteristics, species diversity, and similarity index were analyzed. The relationship between species distribution of saxicolous lichens and six different environmental factors was examined by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The results showed that the saxicolous lichen community can be divided into five associations according to the TWINSPAN analysis and DCA ordination:Association 1 (Lecidea tessellata Florke+Peltula euploca (Ach.) Poelt+Xanthoparmelia durietzii Hale), including 25 species with the total coverage of 30.145% and diversity of 4.025; Association 2 (Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. +Aspicilia sublaqueata (H. Magn.) J. C. Wei+Collema subconveniens Nyl.), including 17 species with the total coverage of 15.885% and diversity of 3.196; Association 3 (Lecanora accumulata H. Magn. +Xanthoria elegans (Link) Th. Fr. +Aspicilia asiatica (H. Magn.) Yoshim.), including 30 species with the total coverage of 37.87% and diversity of 4.357; Association 4 (Endocarpon sinense H. Magn. +Physconia muscigena (Ach.) Poelt. +Rhizoplaca melanophthalma (DC.) Leuckert & Poelt), including 24 species with the total coverage of 30.458% and diversity of 3.912; and Association 5 (Collema flaccidum (Ach.) Ach. +Dermatocarpon vellereum Zschacke+Rhizocarpon viridiatrum (Wulfen) Korber.), including 18 species with the total coverage of 19.331% and diversity of 3.515. The CCA ordination results showed that the species composition and distribution pattern of saxicolous lichens were most strongly influenced by altitude, then light intensity, rock pH, and human disturbance; the distribution pattern of the lichen communities did not significantly correlate with aspect and rock size.