Based on field investigations, the soil moisture of different suction in 0-10cm Soil layer and 10-20cm Soil layer from different vegetation types in Fangta watershed in hilly-gullied region of the Loess Plateau, was measured using a high-speed centrifuge, and the water characteristic curves were obtained using the mathematical models of Van Gennuchten. Then, parameters such as soil moisture characteristic curves, soil water capacity, and soil moisture availability in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers were compared among different vegetation types. The results showed that the soil water retention curves were obviously different in both profiles of different vegetation types, but all soil water retention curves among different vegetation types appeared as approximate "S" shapes. The range of soil available water in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers were 22.65%-26.80% and 23.97%-28.13%, respectively, among different vegetation types, where soil moisture availability of grass communities and the perennial Artemisia communities was greater than that of the annual herbaceous community and less than that of shrub community except the Bothriochloa ischaemum community and the Robinia pseudoacacia forest. There were no significant differences in the 0-10 cm soil layer among different vegetation types, but in the 10-20 cm soil layer, soil water capacities of grass communities and the perennial Artemisia communities were higher than that of the annual herbaceous community and lower than that of the shrub community. Its maximum was in the Bothriochloa ischaemum community and the minimum was in the Robinia pseudoacacia forest. As soil available water and soil water capacity of Robinia pseudoacacia were at relatively low levels, intermediate cuttings can be taken to promote natural recovery and eventually realize the sustainable utilization of water inartificial Robinia pseudoacacia forests. This provides a good opportunity to Robinia pseudoacaciaon some slope conditions such as shady slopes and gaps, where soil water conditions are more favorable. This research was significantly important for sustainable utilization of water, vegetation restoration, and vegetation configuration in the study area.