Exogenous nitrogen enrichment can significantly change plant growth and the capacity for carbon sequestration/fixation of wetland plants, and influence the carbon and nitrogen cycles of the estuarine ecosystems. In this study, we examined the effects of nitrogen addition (CK, 0 g N m^-2a^-1; N8, 8 g N m^-2a^-1; N16, 16 g N m^-2a^-1) and submergence (T1, submerged approximately 2-3 hours every day; T2, submerged approximately 11-12 hours every day) on the growth, nutrients, and carbon sequestration characteristics of Cyperus malaccensis using the mesocosm method in a 15 month experiment. The growth, nutrients, and carbon sequestration of C. malaccensis under the experimental environment were also discussed. The results demonstrated that the height of C. malaccensis under the T2 treatment was significantly greater than that under the T1 treatment, and height in N8 and N16 treatments was also significantly greater than that of CK over the entire experimental period. Furthermore, the height of C. malaccensis was the greatest in the mature season(P < 0.001). Submergence and growth period factors had marked effects on the density of plants, and the density of C. malaccensis was significantly greater under the T1 treatments than under the T2 treatments for all times, and the density of C. malaccensis was also the highest during the mature season(P < 0.001); however, nitrogen addition did not result in a marked increase in the density of plants. The aboveground carbon concentration of C. malaccensis was stable, which was higher in T1 treatments than in T2 treatments(P < 0.05), whereas nitrogen addition and the growth period treatments showed no marked influence on the aboveground carbon concentration. Nitrogen addition, submergence, and the growth period factors significantly affected the aboveground nitrogen concentration(P < 0.05). The value of aboveground biomass and carbon sequestration in C. malaccensis was the greatest in the N8 treatment, lowest in the CK treatment, and highest during the mature season(P < 0.001); however, there were no significant differences between submergence groups. C. malaccensis had a strong ability to adapt to changes in the environment, which means that C. malaccensis has the potential to expand to high tidal flat environments under conditions of continuous nitrogen addition in the Min River estuary.