Ophiocordyceps sinensis, a scarce renewable biological resource,is mainly distributed in the alpine meadow of the Tibetan Plateau. Although it has important medicinal and economic value, the availability of this resource, its spatial distribution pattern, and habitat requirements are not clear. In this study, the altitude, vegetation type, soil type, annual average precipitation, and annual mean temperature across the areas where O. sinensis was found in the Tibetan Plateau were investigated. The distribution of O. sinensis in the Tibetan Plateau was mapped based on spatial analysis undertaken using a GIS. The results showed that Biru and Sog counties in Nagqu, and Banbar, Dengqen, Riwoqe, Jomda,and other counties in Qamdo were classified as suitable areas, and Nagqu, Lhari, Baqen, and Nyainrong counties in Nagqu, Damxung County in Lhasa, and some other areas were less suitable for O. sinensis. Most parts of Xigaze and most low altitude areas of Nyingchi and Shannan were unsuitable. O. sinensis was distributed throughout the Tibetan Plateau, covering approximately 34.5% of the total land area. For example, their distribution in Qamdo and Nagqu accounted for 52.1%-59.3% of the land area of these two cities, and in Shannan, Xigaze, Lhasa, and Nyingchi, it was 13.7%-26.1%. The comprehensive zoning map developed in this study reflects the spatial distribution pattern of O. sinensis in the Tibetan Plateau.This map is highly consistent with the areas where this resource is being well as management of O. sinensis resources. collected from and with the yield obtained. Results from our study can provide a reference for future investigation, assessment, as well as management of O. sinensis resources.