In the process of urbanization, the change of urban ecological land use and the construction of a safety pattern are of great significance for the urban ecosystem health, the quality of life of urban residents, and the sustainable development of cities. Ecological land use change affects the ecological security pattern directly. The ecological land security pattern has a guiding role for the planning of ecological land. Based on the GIS technology, the temporal and spatial changes of ecological land in Haikou from 1991 to 2016 and the evolution of ecological land were studied. Selected height, slope and water resource security as single factor of ecological safety impact, give them graded amounts to build a comprehensive ecological land distribution pattern. Based on the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model, the resistance threshold was used as the hierarchical boundary, the ecological land area of different safety levels was divided, and then the ecological corridors, radiators, and strategic points were established to build a security pattern of the ecological land. The results showed that from 1991 to 2016, the three types of ecological land areas in Haikou City had the biggest changes, with the forest land decreasing by 13.33%, the garden area increasing by 9.136%, and the pond water surface increasing by 3.71%. The ecological land to the west of Nandu River mainly changed from forest land to garden land and construction land, and the rest of the area changed less. The high safety level area in 1991 was much larger than in 2016, but the low safety area was lower than in 2016. The overall trend gradually deteriorated. Over two years, the western and southern areas of the two "source" as the center, the high security area, the safety area, and the low security area formed a circular arrangement, while the Nandu River was the "source", with high, medium, and low areas localized along the river. In 2016, the corridors were arranged in three rings, distributed evenly throughout the city, but the relationship between the sources was weakened. The radiation path was still irregularly distributed, while the number of strategic points decreased significantly compared with those in 1991, indicating that the ecological impact and imbalance of each part become more and more serious, the stability of ecological safety in the region has been destroyed. The area where ecological land use change occurred is concentrated to the west and east of Haikou City, while the high safety area to the west of Haikou was reduced and the overall safety level deteriorated rapidly. The high safety level area to the east slightly improved. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate and implement a reasonable ecological protection policy and land use pattern to optimize the adjustment, with a view of building a coordinated environment for coordinated development of the ecological environment within the region.