Using the remote sensing images of 1995, 2005, and 2015 as the data sources, this paper explored the temporal and spatial characteristics of the lake landscape pattern in the central district of Wuhan through selected landscape indices and the GIS spatial analysis method. Subsequently, the ecological security evaluation model of the lake landscape was established to reveal the temporal and spatial characteristics of the landscape ecological security pattern of the lake system. The results showed that:(1) In the past 20 years, the total area of the urban lake showed a decreasing trend. The lake area decreased by 28.95km² at an annual average decreasing rate of 2.4% from 1995 to 2005, and 17.47km² at 1.8% in the time period 2005-2015. (2) The patch density and fractal dimension of the lake system both showed a decreasing trend, which indicated that the fragmentation of lakes was decreasing, and the shape was becoming simplified. The connectivity index showed a rising trend, which indicated that the lake space structure was becoming more compact. (3) The overall ecological safety of the urban lake system showed a deteriorating trend during the period 1995-2015. Each secondary lake system was influenced by a different degree of urbanization and human disturbance, thus the ecological security evolution of the secondary lake systems showed different characteristics. The rapid expansion of urban built-up areas, the transformation of lakes from agricultural production objects into usable development land, and the real estate industry as the pillar industries were the main driving forces for the lake system to be filled, directly endangering its landscape ecological security and raising public awareness of environmental protection through lake protection initiatives and practices that had a positive impact on the ecological security of the lake landscape. This research on the temporal and spatial characteristics of the lake landscape pattern and driving forces can provide an important support for Wuhan to formulate effective ecological management policies and environmental governance measures.