Based on ground survey data, meteorological data, and remote sensing data, this study analyzed the impact of regional vegetation and soil from the rapid expansion of new artificial oases in the northern foothills of Tianshan Mountains in the past 40 years on carbon pool pattern and migration and carbon sequestration.The results are as follows:from 1976 to 2016, the proportion of farmland in the study area increased from 3.25% to more than 40%. As the marsh disappeared, the reservoir dried up, the shrub cover was drastically reduced, the soil salinization process ceased, and the degree of salinization gradually decreased. Finally, new grassland has formed over bare saline-alkali soil, and there has been an approximate 70% reduction in the area of naked saline alkali over the last 40 years. The effective carbon sink of vegetation was decreased by 15.7% compared with that in 1976. The soil(0-60cm) total carbon storage in the study area in 1976 was 7.814TgC, of which, farmland only accounted for 4.2%. In 2016, the farmland soil organic carbon storage accounted for more than 50%, and the total soil carbon storage decreased slightly by 1.2% compared with that in 1996. The soil carbon pool appears to have stopped declining and has achieved a new balance. The soil carbon pools of bare soil salinity increased by 1.265TgC during the transfer of soil carbon to farmland, shrub land, and grassland soil carbon pools. The carbon stocks of grassland soils increased by 0.8934TgC during migration to the farmland and shrub land carbon pool. If the existing scale of cultivated land is well controlled, the loss of the soil carbon pool caused by the 40-year reclamation can be gradually recovered and the carbon sink effect can be re-formed. Human activities are decisive factors that influence the pattern of NPP distribution in the study area. Reclamation activities are generally carried out in arid oasis, especially in the desert intertidal zone around the old oasis during 1976 to 2016. Once oases are reclaimed and farmland extends to desert, a new artificial oasis is dramatically expanded, with a drastic change in water consumption patterns and temporal and spatial distributions, causing significant changes in the ecological environment. The overdraft of groundwater leads to the disappearance of spring overflow and the drying of reservoirs, which has negative effects on the ecological environment in the research area. Therefore, the sustainable development of water resources and future development trend of ecosystem carbon pool feedback in the process of new artificial oasis expansion should be taken seriously and demands further studies.