The microbial functional diversity of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of three dominant herbs in the Dushanzi area were studied using the Biolog-ECO micro-plate method. The results showed that the microbial metabolic activity, richness index, and uniformity index were different between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of the three species, and the soil microbial functional diversity of Artemisia boratalensis was superior to that in the non-rhizosphere soil and to the rhizosphere soils of other two species. Rhizosphere soil microbes are sensitive to sugar, lipids, acids, and amines, whereas the non-rhizosphere soil microbes are sensitive to acids, and amino acid and carbohydrate carbon sources. Rhizosphere soil microorganisms have stronger ability to use carbon sources, and microbial carbon source utilization characteristics differ in different plant rhizosphere environments. Significant correlations (P < 0.05) were observed between micro-organism activity, richness index, and evenness index, and soil pH, soil organic matter, available phosphorus, and NO₃^--N. The rhizosphere soil of Artemisia boratalensis has higher microbial activity and stronger adaptability to the environment, and therefore should receive attention in Dushanzi ecological environment construction and management.