The fragile alpine meadow ecosystem is a hotspot for ecological studies. Pig uprooting is characteristic of feeding behaviors on roots below-ground, which is a unique herding pattern in the Tibetan area; yet its impact on Tibetan alpine meadow has not been extensively studied. The study area was Napahai, which is located in the Northwestern Yunnan and belongs to the Ramsar Site of international importance. The responses of plant community characteristics in two alpine meadow types (terrestrial meadow and swamp meadow) to pig uprooting were studied. The results showed that pig uprooting significantly decreased plant coverage (63.5%), above-ground biomass (84.6%), below-ground biomass (97.4%), and promoted the re-distribution of biomass from below-to above-ground. Under pig uprooting, accompanied by decreased plant coverage and biomass, the competition among different species decreased, which increased the plant height and degree of space utilization. We further observed divergent responses of the community structure in two typical alpine meadow types to pig uprooting. The structure remained unchanged in terrestrial meadow, while the dominant plant shifted from Blysmus sinocompyessus to an annual aquatic plant (Polygonum hydropiper) in swamp meadow. Soil moisture was the key driving force explaining the divergent responses of plants to pig uprooting. Overall, pig uprooting was detrimental to plant biomass and coverage, leading to reduced biomass accumulation in the alpine meadow ecosystem. The changed community structure resulted from the synergistic effects among bio-disturbance, soil moisture, and spatial competition, and thus may reflect the divergent responses of plants in different environments to pig uprooting. The study of coupling relationships between regional environments and herding disturbance could provide a scientific basis for plant protection and restoration under Tibetan pig uprooting in alpine meadow.