Topography and soil moisture are the key factors affecting the spatial growth patterns of artificial Caragana korshinskii shrubs in the semi-arid loess region. However, the recognition of the growth status of C. korshinskii shrubs affected by topographic variation, soil moisture content, and shrub density is limited on the hillslope scale. In this study, we selected a typical artificial C. korshinskii shrub on the hillslope as a research model, and the data on its growth status and habitat conditions under different (east-and south-facing) slope positions were collected. Furthermore, the relationships between the growth status of C. korshinskii shrubs and the shrub density, topographic variation, and soil moisture content were quantitatively analyzed using the Pearson correlation, path analysis, and RDA. The following results were obtained in this study. (1)The growth status of C. korshinskii shrubs on the east-facing slope was significantly better than that of the shrubs on the south-facing slope. Furthermore, the growth status of the C. korshinskii shrubs on the lower slope position was slightly better than that of the shrubs on the upper or middle slope positions, and no significant difference was observed between the other slope positions. (2) Shallow soil moisture content had a direct, positive effect on the growth status of C. korshinskii, and the shrub density and deep soil moisture content had a negative relationship with the growth status of C. korshinskii. For the large C. korshinskii shrubs, the height, crown diameter multiplied by the height, and canopy volume showed sensitive responses to the shallow soil moisture content. The results also demonstrated that the crown length responded with more sensitivity to the slope aspect and slope position than the other factors did, and the crown width showed a sensitive response to shrub density. (3) The topographical features (slope aspect, position, and gradient) and soil moisture content (shallow and deep soil moisture contents) determined the growth status of C. korshinskii shrubs and explained the 59.9% variation in the growth changes. Furthermore, the variation of the growth changes in the slope aspect, slope position, and shallow soil moisture content were 21.1%, 16.0%, and 13.1%, respectively. Therefore, human-introduced vegetation restoration of the semi-arid loess regions should consider the spatial pattern of vegetation based on soil water conditions of the hillslope scale, and the scientific management of the middle and later periods of revegetation is also necessary to sustain the C. korshinskii shrub in the semi-arid loess region.