Ecological security pattern is an important part of China's territorial development strategy. Effective construction and maintenance of a regional ecological security pattern not only contributes to the integrity of ecosystem structure and function, biodiversity conservation, and ecosystem services maintenance but also enhances human well-being, promotes sustainable development, and eventually improves regional ecological security. Owing to the complexity and interdisciplinary nature of ecological research, abundant content is generated by previous studies, but interconnections and comparisons, which may lead to identification of many patterns through different methods for different regions, are lacking. Therefore, systematically analyzing the studies is important to carry out a comprehensive integration, and inform management decisions for ecological security pattern. In this paper, we illustrate key subjects and relationships among previous studies of ecological security pattern, and discuss main research contents and methods in the contexts of pattern formation and evolution mechanism-pattern impact-key area identification-pattern construction and optimization-regulation and management logical relationship. Decision support system for ecological security pattern management can be improved by strengthening research on the mechanisms of key processes of ecological security, improving and optimizing the evaluation and forewarning methods, and developing ecological security regulation techniques and safeguarding policies.