Soil infiltration capacity is one of the most important factors affecting soil erosion and is an important index reflecting soil water conservation and regulation function. The Wugong Mountain meadow is a representative subtropical mountain meadow in Jiangxi Province, which is in the typical and special vertical vegetation zone of East China. However, human disturbance and excessive tourism development caused serious degradation and fragmentation of this fragile mountain meadow. This study evaluated the alpine meadow soil infiltration capacity at different elevations and disturbance levels from the fringe meadow upwards to the top in Wugong Mountains. Set an elevation gradient experiment treatment at intervals of about 100 m, four experiment treatments namely 1600 m, 1700 m, 1800 m, and 1900 m. In addition, according to the loss of vegetation coverage caused by tourism disturbance, set four disturbance experiment treatments which included the no disturbance (control check, abbreviation was CK, vegetation coverage rate ≥ 90%), light disturbance (LD, 60% ≤ vegetation coverage rate < 90%), medium disturbance (MD, 30% ≤ vegetation coverage rate < 60%), and severe disturbance (SD, vegetation coverage rate <30%). Various indices including the soil initial infiltration rate, steady infiltration rate, average infiltration rate, total infiltration of the first 60 min, soil temperature, soil humidity, soil bulk density, maximum water holding capacity, minimum water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, pH, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were measured in two soil layers, 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm, to analyze soil infiltration characteristics at different elevations and disturbance levels and to be able to discuss the factors that affect the soil infiltration and provide references for the ecological restoration and sustainable management of degraded meadows in the subtropical zone. The results showed that (1) as elevation increased, soil infiltration decreased at elevations in the 1600-1800 m range, but increased at 1900 m. The amount of soil infiltration from highest to lowest was 1600 m > 1700 m > 1900 m > 1800 m. (2) As disturbance level increased, soil infiltration decreased, and the amount of soil infiltration from highest to lowest was CK > LD > MD > SD. (3) Soil infiltration of the upper layer (0-20 cm) was higher than that of the lower layer (20-40 cm), and infiltration rate from highest to lowest was initial infiltration rate > average infiltration rate > steady infiltration rate. (4) The common empirical infiltration model was the most suitable representation of the infiltration process of meadow soil moisture in the Wugong Mountains, followed by the Horton model, whereas the Philip and Kostiakov models were not suitable. (5) Soil infiltration and capillary water-holding capacity were significantly positively correlated (P < 0.05), and was significantly negatively correlated with soil bulk density (P < 0.05). Available nitrogen content was significantly positively correlated with initial infiltration rate and average infiltration rate (P < 0.05), and available potassium content was significantly positively correlated with the steady infiltration rate, average infiltration rate, and with total infiltration (P < 0.05).