Torreya fargesii is an endangered species that is endemic to China and under second-class state protection. Our previous studies indicated that T. fargesii is distributed from the Qinling, Dabashan, Qionglaishan, and Daloushan mountains to the Wushan, Wulingshan, and Dabieshan mountains, which are located in subtropical regions 800-2700m above sea level. Although T. fargesii has a wide distribution and occurs in many different locations, most populations have only a few individuals and occupy a small area. To better understand the status of T. fargesii populations and propose a protection strategy, we investigated the population structure and dynamics of stands across the region. Plots that covered a total of 18000m² were established at 15 sites in Chongqing, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Anhui, Henan, and Gansu. Diameter-and height-class structure diagrams and a static life table were created, and the mortality and disappearance rates, as well as survivorship curves, were determined. Spectral analysis was used to analyze dynamic changes in population quantity. The findings showed that T. fargesii has a low population density, averaging 5.33 plants/100m². Population density was highest in Shennongjia (9.58/100m²) and lowest in Chengkou (2.75/100m²). The diameter-class structure of T. fargesii showed an expanding age structure, with a higher percentage of younger age-class individuals. There were variations in the diameter-class structure among the different populations and the diameter-class distributions of all populations were incomplete (i. e., all size classes were not represented), except in the Baoxing population. Within the height-class distribution of the T. fargesii populations, individuals of less than 6m accounted for 88.74% of all trees, and most individuals were within the shrub layer at their respective sites. The populations' life expectancy rates varied greatly among the different age classes, and the life expectancy of the third and seventh age classes were relatively low. The survivorship curve of the T. fargesii populations tended to correspond to the Deevey-Ⅲ type curve, whereas the mortality and disappearance rate curves exhibited the same trend of having peaks in the third and seventh age classes. Spectral analysis showed that the population dynamics of T. fargesii followed one major trend, and there were a few clear fluctuations in smaller cycles of growth and death. T. fargesii is an old and long-lived plant with patchy isolated distribution, small population sizes, and poor natural regeneration. Thus, T. fargesii is in danger of extinction and should be protected before it is too late.