Locusta migratoria tibetensis Chen, a unique subspecies in the Tibetan Plateau, is a destructive pest of highland barley and herbage. The methods of Maximum Entropy have been deployed for some years to address the problem of species abundance distributions. To monitor and control L. migratoria tibetensis, it is necessary to investigate the potential distribution area of this pest. In this approach, ecological niche modeling software MaxEnt (the maximum entropy model), combined with ArcGIS (Geographic information System), was applied to predict the potential geographic distribution of L. migratoria tibetensis in China. Bioclimatic dominant factors and the appropriate ranges of their values were also investigated. The results showed that training data AUC were 0.996 and 0.993 in the two simulations, which indicated a better forecast. The highly suitable area for L. migratoria tibetensis was Ganzi in Sichuan Province, and Changdu, Linzhi, Shanan, and Lasa of the Tibet Autonomous Region, whereas the moderately suitable area was in the west of Sichuan, east of Xizang, and north of Yunnan. The important environmental factors affecting the distribution of L. migratoria tibetensis were altitude, average precipitation in August, average precipitation in January, isothermality, average mean temperature in January, average mean temperature in December, and average mean temperature in February.