Ecological management and amendment of saline-alkaline land is of great importance for enhancing the stability of ecological system, improving soil productivity, and promoting utilization efficiency of resources in Hetao Plain, China. For this reason, the Ministry of science and technology approved the project of National Key Research and Development Program "Research and Demonstration on Key and Integrated Technologies of Ecological Management of Saline-alkali Land in Hetao Plain (2016YFC0501300)", via special program "Typical fragile ecological restoration and protection research". This paper introduced the background and significance of the project, the main ideas and research content, the overall goal, and the research prospect. The project adopted the integration ideas of basic theory, core technology, novel equipment, and industry technology and model demonstration. This project aimed at revealing the principle of the formation and ecological reduction of salinization in Hetao Plain, developing key technologies of biological and ecological adaptation to amend soil salinization, manufacturing large salt-control engineering equipment and compound ecological soil conditioning products, and creating a comprehensive technology system of saline-alkaline land management as well as development model of characteristic ecological industry.