Tentative compilation of natural resources balance sheets (NRBS) and gradual establishment of monitoring and early-warning mechanisms of resources and environment carrying capacity (RECC) were the two important nationally-strategic decisions developed during the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. Currently, the investigation of the operationally compiling NRBS is in its initial stage of exploration at home and abroad, while the evaluation of RECC is at the critical point, typically improving from mono-categorized evaluation (natural resources like, land and water) to comprehensive and integrated measurement. The project entitled by "The Compilation of Natural Resources Balance Sheets (NRBS) and the Evaluation of Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity (RECC):Technologies Integration and Demonstrative Applications (2016YFC0503500)" is dedicated to satisfying the national operational requirements for natural resources and environment accounting. It aims to develop series of methods and technologies systems of both NRBS and RECC, followed by bringing forward the related specific technical standards and norms. In addition, an integrated digital operational platform for both NRBS and RECC will be established so as to provide guidance for national demonstrative applications in the officially-approved demonstration zones (e.g., Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region, Zhangye City in Gansu Province, Chengde City in Hebei Province, Huzhou City in Zhejiang Province, Shenzhen Special Economic Zone in Guangdong Province and Rizhao City in Shandong Province). These demonstrative applications will lay a solid foundation for developing some corresponding policies and scientific suggestions for different government sectors at various levels in their endeavor to promote regional ecological civilization construction.