The relationship between species diversity and ecosystem function is one of the core problems on biodiversity research. Biomass is an important modality of ecosystem function. The species diversity of natural communities is often strongly related to their biomass. Therefore, studies on the relationship between species diversity and biomass in plant communities is of great significance to understand the role of plant diversity on ecosystem functioning. In this paper, the biomass, distribution patterns, relationship between species biodiversity and biomass in alpine shrubberies of Qinghai have been researched based on the surveyed data of the shrubberies. The results show that (1) the investigated plants belong to 207 species (including 18 kinds of shrubs and 189 kinds of herbs) under 130 genera and 43 families. Most of the shrubs belong to the Rosaceae and Ericaceae families, while the dominant herb families were Asteraceae, Gentianaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Cyperaceae; (2) The shrub community species diversity indices are generally low, the species diversity indices of Potentilla parvifolia community are larger; the species diversity index of Potentilla fruticose community, Spiraea myrtilloides community and Sibiraea laevigata community are second, while that of Rhododendron thymifolium+Rhododendron capitatum community is lower; (3) the biomass of the alpine shrubberies of Qinghai varies from 1893.03 to 7585.41 g/m² (with an average of 3775.9 g/m²), where the biomass of the shrub layer accounts for 73.55%, and that of the herb layer accounts for 26.45%; (4) the biomass of shrubberies decrease significantly with the increase of species diversity at the herb layer and that of the communities, but it does not decrease with the increase of species diversity of the shrub layer. The biomass of the herb layer decreases significantly with the increase of the species diversity within this layer, but there is no significant correlation between the biomass of shrub layer and its species diversity.