The present study investigated the ecological carrying capacity of the Karst region in China, with regard to the relationship between the supply and demand of cultivated land. The study was performed by applying GIS software and the cultivated land ecological footprint method, and the ecological carrying capacity balance index of cultivated land was calculated using the corrected cultivated land production factor of Bijie City in 2014. The results indicated that (1) there is a surplus and deficit in the balance of cultivated land in northern and southern Bijie, respectively; (2) there is a negative correlation between gross domestic product and the cultivated land balance index; (3) there is a negative correlation between the cultivated land balance index and slightly and moderately rocky desertification but a positive correlation between the cultivated land balance index and intense rocky desertification; (4) and, of the eight counties in Bijie City, four possess an ecological surplus, two possess an ecological balance, and two possess an ecological deficit of cultivated land, with 75.28% of the city's population living in areas of ecological balance and surplus and 24.72% living in areas of ecological deficit. The results of the present study provide a basis for decision-making with regard to the adjustment of agricultural structure, early detection of ecological security issues, regional economic development, and land-use planning in Bijie City.