Soil ciliates are an important component of soil ecosystems and ecological systems, and are fundamental in material circulation processes and energy flow. To determine the effect of different slope directions on soil ciliate community characteristics in a South Gansu alpine meadow, five different slope characteristics-same hill slope, sunny slope,half-sunny slope, west slope,half-ngative slope, and shady slope to five slope-were investigated between July 21 and 26, 2015. The results showed that: (1) 142 species of ciliates, belonging to 9 classes representing 18 to 55 genera and 32 families across the different slopes were identified using the "non-flooded petri dish method", and the slope and relationships between species and individual size numbers were: west slope > half sunny slope > sunny slope > half-ngative slope > shady slope; spin polychaetes showed several advantages with split classes, a reduced membrane, and kidney-shaped outline, and showed a dominance of 28.17%, 19.72%, 13.38% and 19.72%, respectively, for the slopes above; (2) different slopes showed varying species and individual numbers of soil ciliates, and the Shannon diversity index was significantly different (P < 0.05) between slopes, indicating that soil ciliates in Gansu alpine meadow ecosystems in South Asia were sensitive to microclimate changes on different slopes; (3) the slope to the species and individual number of soil ciliates showed obvious table cohesion; (4) the Pearson correlation analyses for soil physical and chemical factors and species and individual number of ciliates were significantly positively correlated (P < 0.05), notably total nitrogen(TN) and organic matter; Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the different influences in the Gansu alpine meadow on the south slope indicated that the main factors of soil ciliate community structure change were TN, the condition of soil organic matter, and ground vegetation.