The objective of the study was to show the relationship between the community structure of macroinvertebrate and the associated environmental factors, based on Independent sample t test method, scatter plot analysis method, classification of macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups and Canonical correspondence analysis and other methods in Jinan Region from spring 2014 (May) to autumn 2014(November). We identified 57 macroinvertebrate species,consist of Arthropoda,Mollusca and Annelida,We identified 45,35 and 33 macroinvertebrate species in spring,summer and autumn, Bithynia fuchsiana was the dominant class, followed by Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri,Chironomus riparius Meigen and then Chironomus salinarius Kiffer. The average values of macroinvertebrate densities, Biomass, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index ranged from 0.56×10³ ind/m² to 2.49×10³ ind/m², from 109.45 g/m² to 495.59 g/m²,from 4.55 to 3.75,from0.55 to 0.67 from spring to autumn, respectively. Overall, we categorized these taxa into following five functional feeding groups, Gather-collectors density are dominant.Canonical correspondence analysis results showed that macroinvertebrate community structure was largely determined by the interactions between total phosphorus and total nitrogen in spring in Huang River Basin and Huai River Basin. Dissolved oxygen and pH was the main environmental factors limitation of macroinvertebrate community structure in summer in Huang River Basin and Huai River Basin. In autumn, the primarily environmental factors limiting macroinvertebrate community was dissolved oxygen and pH in Huang River Basin and Huai River Basin.