The comprehensive influence of survival rate, growth rate of each life stage, adult sex ratio and fertility, and population dynamics of the experimental populations of Chironomus tentans were observed under different conditions of temperature and light intensity. Under the condition of different temperatures and same light intensities, the regression equation and regression coefficient of the survival rates of the eggs, larvae, and pupae of C. tentans were tested by F-test. The results showed that the survival rates of the larvae and pupae of C. tentans were significantly correlated with temperature, and the survival rate of larval stage was more likely to be affected by temperature than that of the pupal stage. However, the changes in temperature showed no significant effect on the survival rate of eggs. Two extreme temperatures (15 and 35 ℃) were not found suitable for the survival of C. tentans. Secondly, through two combined factors (two temperatures: 15 and 30 ℃ and two light intensities: 800 and 2000 lx) of orthogonal experiments, we concluded that the best breeding conditions of C. tentans were 25 ℃ and 800 lx. Moreover, these two factors showed no significant influence on the female male ratio of C. tentans. However, the influence of temperature on the three aspects (survival rate, growth rate, and female male ratio) was greater than that of light intensity. At last, we performed the single factor analysis of variance of the results of adult fecundity under different conditions (two temperatures: 15 and 30 ℃; two light intensities: 800 and 2000 lx; and four relative humidity levels: 45%, 65%, 85%, and 95%). The results showed that C. tentans can accomplish complete reproductive development under the conditions of 25-30 ℃ and 800 lx. Additionally, a relative humidity between 85% and 95% was another necessary condition to guarantee high oviposition rate. Furthermore, the life tables of the experimental population of C. tentans at two temperatures (25 and 30 ℃) and two light intensities (800 and 2000 lx) were established in our laboratory. The net reproductive rate (R₀) and intrinsic rate of natural increase (r_m) reached high levels under the conditions of 25-30 ℃ and 800 lx. To sum up, the conditions of 25 ℃, 800 lx, and 85% relative humidity were found to be optimal for C. tentans breeding. These results laid the foundation for establishing the standard conditions for the indoor breeding of C. tentans, corresponding population development rule, and toxicity testing method of local Chironomus species.