Gaotianyan Nature Reserve, a provincial natural conservation area, located in Lianhua County, Jiangxi Province, provides many ecosystem services for the local people. Economic valuation of the main ecosystem services of Gaotianyan Nature Reserve can help us to better understand the direct contribution of the Natural Reservation system to Lianhua County, and ensures that the government comprehensively considers the importance of protecting the Nature Reserve ecosystem when planning a strategy for economic development. In the present study, we established a system of evaluation indexes for the ecosystem service function of Gaotianyan Nature Reserve, according to its ecological and social economic characteristics. We then evaluated the eco-economic values provided by the ecosystem of Gaotianyan Nature Reserve in 2014, using factors such as replacement cost, market value, shadow engineering, cost of afforestation, reference results, and travel expenses. The following results were obtained. Firstly, the total economic value of the ecosystem services provided by Gaotianyan Nature Reserve was estimated to be 7.16 × 10⁸ Yuan in 2014, and the values of soil conservation and carbon fixation and oxygen released were 4.39 × 10⁸ Yuan and 1.16 × 10⁸ Yuan, which accounted for 60.89% and 16.11% of the total value, respectively. Secondly, primary production was a major direct economic source; however, the value of the primary production in Gaotianyan Nature Reserve only accounted for 10.75% of the total value of the ecosystem services. This means that using only the value of primary production to measure the value of total ecosystem services would seriously underestimate the ecosystem service value of Gaotianyan Nature Reserve. Finally, the economic values of nine ecosystem service indexes were sorted as soil conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen release, primary production, biodiversity protection, environmental purification, climate regulation, tourism and recreation, flood control and water storage, and social security, according to the value of the evaluation. In conclusion, the direct economic data revealed that Gaotianyan Nature Reserve makes a considerable contribution to our society. It not only helps to improve the consciousness of the administrators and the people involved in protecting the traditional agricultural culture but also provides data support for the government to formulate a compensation standard for Gaotianyan Nature Reserve.