Biochemical intensity of soil is an important index for characterizing biological activity. In this study, traditional research methods were employed to determine the soil biochemical characteristics of the Tarim Desert Highway shelter-belt from six aspects, including ammonification, nitrification, azotification, cellulose decomposition, respiration, and enzymatic activity. The main experimental results were as follows:(1) With increasing years since planting, ammonification and respiration showed the greatest improvements; azotification and cellulose decomposition also showed significant improvements, but nitrification was weakened. (2) Vertical differences in ammonification, nitrification, azotification, cellulose decomposition, and respiration in the 0-50 cm soil layer reached highly significant levels (F > F_0.01), and biochemical activity of the soil increased with depth. (3) As years since planting increased, catalase activity showed the greatest increase (F > F_0.01), cellulose and invertase activity also significantly increased (F > F_0.05), and protease, phosphatase, and urease activity only minimally increased (F < F_0.05). (4) The optimal regression equations between different biochemical intensity factors and soil environmental factors differed, but the regression determination coefficients were > 0.95. Total salt, total nitrogen, and available nitrogen were included in all of the regression equations and were key factors in the determination of biochemical intensity of the soil in the Tarim Desert Highway shelter-belt. Therefore, in the hinterland of the Taklamakan Desert, biochemical intensity of soils from the shelter-belt lands that were drip-irrigated with saline water exhibited an increasing trend. This knowledge will aid in the scientific management of the shelter-belt project.